Evolução clínica de indivíduos com antígeno de superfície do vírus da hepatite B reagente, atendidos em um laboratório clínico de Caxias do Sul - RS, entre os anos de 2010 a 2015 / Clinical course of individuals with B hepatitis surface antigen attended in a clinical laboratory in Caxias do Sul - RS between the years of 2010 to 2015

Objetivo: A hepatite B é uma doença infecciosa que atinge, aproximadamente, 2 bilhões de pessoas. Apresenta fase aguda que pode evoluir para a cura ou cronificar. O quadro da doença é avaliado por meio de enzimas hepáticas e marcadores sorológicos, que detectam anticorpos e antígenos produzidos pelo vírus. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os diferentes marcadores da hepatite B através de exames laboratoriais de indivíduos infectados, correlacionando testes de função hepática com a evolução da doença. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal retrospectivo realizado de 2010 a 2015, utilizando banco de dados de um laboratório de Caxias do Sul-RS. As variáveis estão apresentadas em média e desvio-padrão e foram comparadas utilizando o teste t Student para amostras dependentes e as variáveis entre os grupos pelo teste t Student para amostras pareadas. Resultados: Um total de noventa indivíduos foi incluído, com média de idade de 46,0±13,5 anos (51% homens). Quanto à evolução, 31% dos pacientes evoluíram para a cura e 69% para a crônica. Encontramos significância entre as enzimas ALT e GGT, no momento do diagnóstico, com as últimas dosadas pelo laboratório (p < 0,008 e p< 0,007, respectivamente). Entre os grupos, houve diferença entre ALT (inicial e final) do grupo cura (p = 0,012), o que não ocorreu no grupo que cronificou (p= 0,848). Conclusão: O estudo pôde revelar o comportamento das transaminases e GGT frente à contaminação pelo vírus da hepatite B, ficando evidente a importância do correto acompanhamento da hepatite B através desses exames laboratoriais para se conhecer a noção real do estado da patologia.

Drug-induced Liver Injury Caused by Ipragliflozin Administration with Causality Established by a Positive Lymphocyte Transformation Test (LTT) and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM): A Case Report

ABSTRACT A 75-year old male patient had been regularly visiting our hospital for the management of his type 2 diabetes mellitus since he was diagnosed at age 64 years. When he developed hypoglycemic episodes with sulfonylurea, ipragliflozin (50 mg/day) was started to replace the sulfonylurea therapy. However, 49 days after starting ipragliflozin, his AST increased from 13 to 622 U/L, ALT increased from 9 to 266 U/L, ALP increased from 239 to 752 U/L, and γ-GTP increased from 19 to 176 U/L. ZTT was 3.5 U, TTT was 0.4 U, and total bilirubin was 0.7 mg/dL. IgM hepatitis A antibody, hepatitis B antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, IgM CMV antibody, and IgM EB VCA antibody were negative, whereas a lymphocyte transformation test for ipragliflozin was positive. Abdominal CT scan showed mild fatty liver but no sign of nodular lesions. Following admission to our hospital, he received liver supportive therapy with the discontinuation of ipragliflozin therapy. He was discharged from the hospital 18 days later with AST and ALT levels reduced to 20 U/L and 13 U/L, respectively. Based on the clinical presentation of this patient, it is highly important to monitor liver function along with other possible clinical complications (e.g., dehydration, ketosis, and urinary tract infection) associated with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.

Biochemical liver function after partial hepatic resection with or without partial hepatic vascular exclusion / Função bioquímica do fígado após ressecção hepática parcial com ou sem exclusão vascular hepática parcial

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess the advantages and disadvantages of liver vascular partial exclusion (LVPE) (liver dysfunction due to ischemia) during liver resection in patients submitted to partial hepatectomy. METHODS: A total of 114 patients were submitted to partial hepatectomy (minor versus major resections) with LPVE being used in 57 of them but not in the remaining 57. Patient age ranged from 35 to 73 years and 57 percent were women. Mitochondrial function was assessed 30 minutes after liver resection in the remnant liver and serum aminotransferases were determined before surgery and for seven days postoperatively. LPVE time ranged from 30 to 60 minutes. Data were analyzed statistically by the Student T test (5 percent level of significance). RESULTS: Mitochondrial function was similar in the minor and major liver resections. The maximum postoperative aminotransferase peak was similar in the groups with and without LPVE. CONCLUSION: LPVE did not induce mitochondrial changes in hepatic tissue in either type of surgery, and aminotransferase levels were similar for patients with and without LPVE. Thus, the results show that LPVE is a safe procedure that does not induce the significant changes typical of ischemia and reperfusion in the liver remnant.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as vantagens e desvantagens da oclusão vascular parcial do fígado durante ressecções hepáticas parciais. MÉTODOS: Cento e quatorze pacientes foram submetidos a hepatectomia parcial(ressecção maior versus ressecção menor) com liver partial vascular exclusion (LPVE) sendo utilizada em 57 deles. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 35 e 73 anos e 57 por cento deles eram mulheres. A função mitocondrial foi avaliada por método polarografico avaliada 30 minutos após a ressecção hepática no fígado remanescente, e o perfil das aminotransferase foi determinado antes da cirurgia e durante sete dias de pós-operatório. A EVPH variou de 30 a 60 minutos. Dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T Student (nível de significância de 5 por cento). RESULTADOS: Nas ressecções hepáticas maiores e menores, a função mitocondrial do fígado remanescente foi semelhante dos dois grupos. O pico máximo de aminotransferases ocorreu as 24 horas de pós-operatório e o perfil enzimático de ALT e AST foi semelhante nos grupos estudados ( minor vs major hepatectomy.) CONCLUSÃO: A EVPH não induziu alterações mitocondriais no tecido hepático em qualquer tipo de cirurgia, e os níveis de aminotransferases foram similares para pacientes hepatectomizados com e sem LPVE.Assim a LPVE foi um procedimento seguro que não induziu alterações significativas típicos de isquemia e reperfusão no fígado remanescente.

Alteración de pruebas hepáticas en pacientes chilenos con enfermedades hepáticas agudas y crónicas / Liver enzyme alteration in Chilean patients with acute and chronic liver diseases

Background: Liver function tests are a useful tool in clinical practice to identify patterns that are characteristic of liver enzyme alterations associated to liver diseases. Objective: To perform a descriptive analysis of liver enzyme abnormalities among Chilean population affected by chronic or acute liver diseases, compared with international reports. Material and Methods: Prospective study with > 18 year-old patients who were under medical care in the Hepatology department at the Clinic of the Pontificia Universidad Católica and at Posta Central hospital, between 2005- 2009. All of them had at least one evaluation of liver function test during this period. Results: 348 patients were evaluated: 49 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 28 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 74 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 10 hemochromatosis, 147 chronic hepatitis C (HCV), 5 chronic hepatitis B (HBC) and 34 severe alcoholic hepatitis. Piruvic and Oxaloacetic Aminotransferase levels were: NASH 89.9 and 62.7 IU/L, PBC 105.5 and 96 IU/L; AIH 412 and 360IU/L; Hemochromatosis 106 and 75.9 IU/L, HCV 178 and 166 IU/L, HVB 337.2 and 89.6 IU/L, and in alcoholic hepatitis, 67 and 168 IU/L. Levels of alkaline phosphatase in PBC were 518 IU/L, with a maximum level of 2206. Conclusions: This study describes the transaminase abnormalities in a subgroup of patients with known hepatic disease. Future studies will be useful to determine if there are substantial differences between the Chilean population compared to other populations.

Antecedentes: El estudio de la bioquímica hepática es una herramienta útil en la práctica clínica para identificar ciertos patrones que orientan a determinadas patologías. Objetivos: Realizar un análisis descriptivo en población chilena del comportamiento de las pruebas hepáticas en pacientes en pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas agudas y crónicas frecuentes y compararlas con lo reportado en literatura internacional. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo realizado en pacientes mayores de 18 años en control en los centros de gastroenterología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica y la Posta Central, entre los años 2005 y 2009. Se realizaron análisis de pruebas hepáticas completas en al menos una ocasión. Resultados: Se evalúan 348 pacientes que se desglosan según patología en 49 esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA), 28 cirrosis biliar primaria (CBP), 74 hepatitis autoinmune (HAI), 10 hemocromatosis, 147 hepatitis crónica C (HVC), 5 hepatitis crónica B (HVB) Y 34 hepatitis alcohólica grave. Los niveles de aminotransferasas pirúvica (SGPT) y oxaloacética (SGOT) promedio fueron: EHNA 89,9 y 62,7 UI/L, CBP 105,5 y 96 UI/L; HAI 412 y 360 UI/L; Hemocromatosis 106 y 75,9 UI/L, HCV 178 y 166 UI/L, HVB 337,2 y 89,6 UI/L y en hepatitis OH 67 y 168 UI/L. Los niveles de Fosfatasas Alcalinas en CBP promedio fueron 518 UI/L, con máximo 2.206. Conclusiones: Se describen las alteraciones de transaminasas en un subgrupo de pacientes portadores de patología hepática conocida. Estudios futuros permitirán determinar si existen diferencias sustanciales en población chilena con respecto a lo descrito en otras poblaciones.

Evaluación del paciente asintomático con alteraciones en las pruebas hepáticas / Evaluation of asymptomatic patients with abnormalities in liver function tests

La cirrosis hepática (CH) es un trastorno frecuente y con complicaciones que presentan una alta morbimortalidad. Está caracterizada por una larga fase preclínica asintomática, que puede requerir de dos décadas o más para el desarrollo de las alteraciones en la arquitectura hepática que conforman el estado cirrótico. La presencia de alteración en las pruebas hepáticas, en ausencia de síntomas y signos de enfermedad hepática, constituye un evento frecuente en la práctica médica general. Requiere de una evaluación clínica completa, con anamnesis dirigida, examen físico y estudios de laboratorio e imagenológicos; si se realizan de manera sistemática cubriendo las causas más frecuentes, su diagnóstico etiológico puede ser adecuadamente efectuado, con las consecuentes implicancias terapéuticas en algunos casos. En esta revisión se evaluarán los estudios bioquímicos actualmente disponibles para realizar un estudio clínico hepático en un paciente asintomático, su capacidad de discriminación y el estudio etiológico de las enfermedades hepáticas crónicas. Se definen además las potenciales causas hepáticas y extrahepáticas que pueden generar esta alteración.

Chronic liver diseases are a frequent medical problem and its complications are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by a long preclinical phase and it may take more than two decades for a liver to gain a cirrhotic architecture. In an asymptomatic patient the abnormal liver-enzyme results is a common medical problem. A good clinical history and physical examination are mandatory. If a systematic approach is adopted covering the most frequent liver disease, the cause is often apparent. In this review we discuss the battery of liver enzyme tests available in daily clinical practice, their diagnostic accuracy for the detection of liver disease and suggest an approach to abnormal tests in asymptomatic patients. The clinician should be aware of non-hepatic diseases that can cause abnormal liver enzymes.

Análisis del resultado de pruebas hepáticas en pacientes psoriáticos tratados con metotrexato: Estudio retrospectivo / Serum liver tests in patients treated with methotrexate: A retrospective analysis

Background: Methotrexate is one of the best systemic treatments for psoriasis. However it has significant adverse effects such as myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Aim: To evaluate serum liver test in psoríatic patients treated with methotrexate. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of psoríatic patients treated with methotrexate between the years 2000 and 2005. All patients received a minimum of 7.5 mg weekly of methotrexate, for at íeast 4 weeks. Results: Sixty three patients were included. Mean cumulative dose of methotrexate was 576 mg. Thirty two percent had alterations in liver tests, but only 9 percent had values that duplicated the upper limit of normal range of aminotransferases or alkaline phosphatases or a serum bilirubin over 2 mg/dl. We did not find a direct relationship between the dose of methotrexate and the magnitude of liver test alterations. Only one patient exceeded 1.5 g as cumulative dose. A liver biopsy performed to him, did not show signs of fibrosis. Conclusions: This retrospective study does not show a direct relationship between weekly doses, cumulated dose and length of treatment with methotrexate, and the degree of alteration of serum liver tests.

Relationship between serum concetrations of type III procollagen, hyluronic acid and histopathological findings in the liver of HCV-positive blood donors

BACKGROUND: Serologic markers have been proposed for monitoring hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Among fibrosis markers, type III procollagen (PIIIP) and hyaluronic acid have been studied in these patients. AIM: To evaluate the association between these serum markers with histological findings. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with HCV-positive blood donors. The studied population included men and women whose age ranged from 18 to 60 years, with elevated liver function tests [ALT levels > 1.5 times the normal value and alterations of two or more of the following: any changes in the levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, conjugated bilirrubin, gammaglobulin, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, albumin, platelet count; alkaline phosphatase levels >1.5 times the normal value, or prothrombin time below 70 percent and above 60 percent]. Fourty-nine patients were submitted to liver biopsy, blood analysis of PIIIP, hyaluronic acid, besides liver function tests. RESULTS: Liver function tests were not associated with tissular fibrosis, as assessed by ALT (>1.5 times above normal, fibrosis risk=18.8 percent; <1.5 times, 11.8 percent). Elevated PIIIP was correlated with 66.7 percent chance of fibrosis, whereas normal levels, 9.3 percent. Hyaluronic acid, when elevated, gave a chance of 33.3 percent of fibrosis; when normal, 12.5 percent. CONCLUSION: There was no association between liver function tests, hyaluronic acid and fibrosis. However, PIIIP was related with liver fibrosis. Maybe, this marker should be useful to assess fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

RACIONAL: Marcadores sorológicos têm sido propostos para monitorar fibrose hepática em doença crônica do fígado. Dentre os marcadores de fibrose, ácido hialurônico e procolágeno tipo III têm sido estudados nestes pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de marcadores séricos de fibrose com achados histológicos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal prospectivo em doadores de sangue anti-HCV positivos. A população estudada incluiu homens e mulheres com idade entre 18-60 anos com provas de função hepática alteradas (níveis de alanina aminotransferase >1.5 vezes do normal e alterações de dois ou mais dos seguintes: qualquer alteração nos níveis de alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, bilirrubina conjugada, gamaglobulina, gamaglutamiltranspeptidase, albumina, plaquetas, níveis de fosfatase alcalina >1,5 vezes o valor normal, tempo de protrombina abaixo de 70 por cento e acima de 60 por cento). Quarenta e nove pacientes foram submetidos a biopsia hepática e coleta de sangue para análise de procolágeno tipo III, ácido hialurônico e provas funcionais hepáticas. RESULTADOS: Não houve relação entre elevação de provas de função hepática e a presença de fibrose - ALT (>1,5 vezes acima do normal, risco de fibrose = 18,8 por cento; <1,5 vezes, 11,8 por cento). Procolágeno tipo III elevado foi correlacionado com 66,7 por cento chances de fibrose, enquanto nível normal, 9,3 por cento. Ácido hialurônico, quando elevado, demonstrou chance de 33,3 por cento de fibrose; quando normal, 12.5 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve associação entre provas de função hepática, ácido hialurônico e fibrose, mas houve entre esta última e procolágeno tipo III. Talvez este marcador possa ser útil para avaliar fibrose em pacientes com hepatite crônica pelo vírus C.

Teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina na doença hepática crônica pelo vírus C / 13C-methacetin breath test in hepatitis C chronic liver disease

RACIONAL: O teste respiratório da metacetina marcada com carbono 13 (13C-metacetina) é método não-invasivo que permite examinar a função hepática microssomal, permitindo avaliação quantitativa da massa hepática funcional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilidade clinica do teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina na avaliação de pacientes com doença crônica do fígado pelo vírus da hepatite C. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODOS: Setenta e oito pacientes com hepatite crônica C e 13 indivíduos saudáveis pareados por sexo e idade foram estudados. Pacientes infectados cronicamente pelo vírus C foram classificados como portadores de hepatite crônica (n = 51) ou cirrose hepática (n = 27, sendo 7 deles classificados como descompensados pela presença de ascite, icterícia e/ou encefalopatia). Pacientes co-infectados HbsAg/HIV, em uso crônico de álcool, com outras doenças crônicas ou em uso de medicamentos que pudessem interferir com a atividade do citocromo P450, foram excluídos. O estádio e a atividade da doença nos fragmentos de biopsia foram determinados de acordo com os critérios da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia. O teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina foi realizado com 75 mg de 13C-metacetina e a concentração de 13CO2 no ar expirado foi medido através de espectrometria infravermelha não dispersiva. Foram calculados o "delta over baseline" e o percentual de recuperação cumulativo do 13CO2 aos 40 (teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina 40 min) e aos 120 minutos (teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina 120 min). RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros do teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina se correlacionaram com avaliação estrutural histológica, mas não com a atividade necroinflamatória no tecido hepático, sendo que a melhor correlação foi obtida entre o grau de estádio e o teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina 120 min. Os valores médios do teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina 120 min foram significantemente mais reduzidos nos grupos cirróticos (19,2 ± 7,1 por cento para cirróticos compensados e 14,7 ± 4,0 por cento para os cirróticos descompensados) que nos grupos controle (29,9 ± 4,5 por cento) e com hepatite crônica (27,8 ± 6,1 por cento). A melhor acurácia no diagnóstico de cirrose entre os portadores de hepatite crônica C foi encontrada para o teste respiratório da 13C-metacetina 120 min com 81 por cento de sensibilidade e 77 por cento de especificidade...

Plasma hydroxy-metronidazole/ metronidazole ratio in hepatitis C virus-induced liver disease

It has been suggested that the measurement of metronidazole clearance is a sensitive method for evaluating liver function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of plasma hydroxy-metronidazole/metronidazole ratios as indicators of dynamic liver function to detect changes resulting from the various forms of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of 139 individuals were studied: 14 healthy volunteers, 22 healthy, asymptomatic, consecutive anti-HCV-positive HCV-RNA negative subjects, 81 patients with chronic hepatitis C (49 with moderate/severe chronic hepatitis and 34 with mild hepatitis), and 20 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. HCV status was determined by the polymerase chain reaction. Plasma concentrations of metronidazole and its hydroxy-metabolite were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection in a blood sample collected 10 min after the end of a metronidazole infusion. Anti-HCV-positive HCV-RNA-negative individuals demonstrated a significantly reduced capacity to metabolize intravenously infused metronidazole compared to healthy individuals (0.0478 ± 0.0044 vs 0.0742 ± 0.0232). Liver cirrhosis patients also had a reduced plasma hydroxy-metronidazole/metronidazole ratio when compared to the other groups of anti-HCV-positive individuals (0.0300 ± 0.0032 vs 0.0438 ± 0.0027 (moderate/severe chronic hepatitis) vs 0.0455 ± 0.0026 (mild chronic hepatitis) and vs 0.0478 ± 0.0044 (anti-HCV-positive, HCV-RNA-negative individuals)). These results suggest an impairment of the metronidazole metabolizing system induced by HCV infection that lasts after viral clearance. In those patients with chronic hepatitis C, this impairment is paralleled by progression of the disease to liver cirrhosis.

Histopathologic and biochemical liver test abnormalities in chronic asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic alcoholics: a review

PURPOSE: To review the medical literature regarding the histopathologic and biochemical liver test abnormalities in chronic asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic alcoholics. METHODS: Review of articles in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases regarding serum levels and prevalence of alterations in aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, in relation to liver histopathology, with or without discrimination of types of histopathologic alteration. RESULTS: Global mean prevalence rates of aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotransferase alterations were 86.3 percent and 51.1 percent; in cases with steatosis they were 79.1 percent and 38.5 percent; and in cases of hepatitis, 90.1 percent and 58 percent. In all studies, prevalence rates of aspartate-aminotransferase alterations were significantly higher with lower variability than those of alanine-aminotransferase. Mean aspartate-aminotransferase levels were higher than 2N (N is the upper normal limit of the method employed) in all cases with hepatitis histopathology, while those of alanine-aminotransferase were 1.48N, in the same cases. Prevalence of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin abnormalities were 74.5 percent and 74.9 percent globally; in cases of steatosis, they were 70.9 percent and 67.9 percent; and in cases of hepatitis, 75.9 percent and 77.7 percent. Mean alkaline phosphatase levels were above the upper normal limit in all cases, but those of total bilirubin were above normal in 4 of 7 hepatitis studies. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of aspartate-aminotransferase alteration was consistently related to presence of histopathologic abnormalities; an enzyme level higher than 2N suggests the diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis

Síndrome HELLP ¿evidencias de una posible respuesta inflamatoria sistémica en la preeclampsia? / The HELPP syndrome: evidence of a possible systemic inflammatory response in pre-eclampsia?

INTRODUCTION: The principal causes of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in Mexico, are preeclampsia/eclampsia, obstetric hemorrhage and puerperium complications; this is, 62 of maternal deaths in last years. HELLP syndrome was observed between 5 to 25 of the mortality in pregnancies of 36 weeks or less. OBJECTIVE: To analyze patients with HELLP syndrome in ICU's (Intensive Care Unit) of a Gynecology and Obstetric Hospital, related to the abnormal hematological, hepatic and renal results with the obstetric case history and the clinical complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transversal study in patients with HELLP syndrome during 1998 and 1999 were carry out. CASE DEFINITION: Peripheral blood with Microangiopathic hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes: AST, ALT over 40 UI/L, even when were LDH lower than 600 UI/L. It was evaluated the hepatic and renal function, platelets count, microangiopathic hemolysis, arterial pressure, seizures, icteric skin color, blindness, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting and upper quadrant right abdominal pain. In newborn we analyzed gestational age, sex, weight and APGAR. We studied for an association between maternal and biochemical variables with Correlation Pearson Test, and dependence between variables with lineal regression model. RESULTS: 2878 patients with hypertensives disorders in pregnancy (11.64). The 1.15 (n = 33) had HELLP syndrome with specific maternal mortality of 0.4 per 10,000 live birth, perinatal mortality of 1.62 per 10,000 live birth; and renal damage in 84.5. Coefficient beta was higher between number of pregnancies to platelets count (-0.33) and creatinine clearance (-0.401). CONCLUSION: We found an important renal damage, low platelets, elevated liver enzymes in women with two or more pregnancies. Then we propose there are similarities between HELLP syndrome and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) because they could have the same pathophysiology.

Triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis: a community-based study

The efficacy of triclabendazole in the treatment of chronic Fasciola infection was assessed. A total of 134 asymptomatic cases of established Fasciola infection were treated: 68 individuals received a single dose of 10 mg/kg and 66 individuals received 2 doses of 10 mg/kg on 2 consecutive days. Cure was assessed 5 weeks after treatment and 79.4% of the first group and 93.9% of the second group were cured. The drug was well tolerated; no serious side-effects were noted. One patient developed biochemical cholestasis the third day after treatment, but her enzyme profiles returned to normal after 2 months. We conclude triclabendazole is a safe and potent fasciolicidic drug

Determinaçäo sérica dos ácidos biliares na detecçäo da hepatopatia crônica e no seu estadiamento funcional / Serum determination of bile acids in the diagnosis of chronic liver disease and in the functional staging

Os valores séricos dos ácidos biliares totais foram dosados através de método enzimático-colorimétrico em 15 indivíduos dispépticos, sem doenças hepática (grupo controle) e em 52 portadores de hepatopatia crônica de etiologia alcoólica, subdivididos de acordo com a classificaçao funcional de Child-Pugh (Child A=17; B= 18 e C = 17) ou de acordo com o exame clínico em grupos compensado (n = 22) e descompensado (n = 30). A dosagem sérica dos ácidos biliares, particularmente as pós-prandiais, apresentaram elevado poder discriminativo na detecçao de hepatopatia crônica, separando o grupo controle de qualquer un dos grupos de etilistas portadores de hepatopatia crônica. Apresentaram também correlaçao significante com os testes bioquímicos mais diretamente relacionados à funçao hepatocelular, como albumina, bilirrubina total e atividade de protrombina, além da classificaçao de Child-Pugh numérica. No entanto, quando os pcientes cirróticos foram separados de acordo com a apresentaçao clínica, a dosagem plasmática dos ácidos biliares apresentou capacidade discriminativa inferior aos exames convencionais como a classificaçao de Child-Pugh numérica e o tempo de protrombina, demonstrando ter valor limitado na avaliaçao funcional e no acompanhamento evolutivo da hepatopatia crônica alcoólica.

Utilidad del metabolismo hepático de la lidocaína como prueba de función hepática en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas del hígado / Utility of hepatic metabolism of lidocaine as a test of hepatic function in patients with chronic liver diseases

Los avances alcanzados en el manejo de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas del hígado han llevado a desarrollar métodos que permitan evaluar en forma no invasiva la función hepática. En este sentido nuestro estudio ha sido dirigido a determinar la utilidad clínica del test de monoetilglicinexilidida (MEGX) en una serie amplia de pacientes con enfermedad crónica de hígado, y su relación con el índice de actividad histológica evaluado mediante el índice de Knodell. Asimismo, se evaluó el papel de esta prueba de función hepática en la monitorización de una pauta terapéutica con interferón. Para ello se incluyeron 35 pacientes con hepatitis crónica, 40 con cirrosis hepática de diferentes etiologías y 10 personas sanas. La concentración plasmática de MEGX fue medida mediante inmunoanálisis de fluorescencia polarizada luego de 15 minutos de haberse administrado lidocaína por vía endovenosa (1 mg/kg). La concentración de MEGX fue significativamente superior en los sujetos sanos (71.8 ñ 7.3 ng/ml) que la observada en pacientes con hepatitis crónica (50.8 ñ 5.3 ng/ml, p<0.05) y cirrosis (14.7 ñ 2.6 ng/ml, p<0.05). Una disminución en la producción de MEGX se observó en forma paralela a un mayor deterioro de la función hepática, evaluada mediante la clasificación Child-Pugh (A: 17.9 ñ 4.6 vs C: 8.8 ñ 1.5 ng/ml, p<0.05). Todos los pacientes con una concentración de MEGX menor a 20 ng/ml presentaron una cirrosis confirmada por el hallazgo histológico. Se observó una correlación inversa entre la producción de MEGX y el índice de actividad histológica (r= 0.63, p<0.05). En pacientes respondedores a la terapia con interferón se comprobó una mejoría en forma paralela del MEGX y el score de Knodell. Nuestros resultados demuestran que el test de MEGX es una prueba cuantitativa simple y segura de función hepática. Asimismo, nos ha permitido tanto identificar diferentes estadios evolutivos de la enfermedad como así también monitorizar la respuesta terapéutica en pacientes con hepatitis crónica

Pronóstico vital en insuficiencia hepática aguda grave: valor de los índices cuantitativos de evaluación / Life prognosis in severe acute hepatic failure: value of assessment quantitative index

The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value for mortality of admission and daily APACHE II score, mortality due to multiple organ failure and the organ failure score in patients with acute hepatic failure. We retrospectively studied 15 such patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Thirteen patients died (87 percent) and their admission APACHE II score was 22ñ7.5 compared to 21ñ8.5 in survovors. Daily APACHE II score, mortality due to multiple organ failure and multiple organ failure score had a 100 percent sensitivity to predict mortality and a 69.2, 76.9 and 76.9 percent specificity respectively. The predictive accuracies of multiple organ failure and multiple organ failure score were 80 percent and significantly better than the accuracy of admission APACHE II score (53 percent). We conclude that these prognostic scores can be useful in the assessment of patients with acute hepatic failure

Biopsia hepática durante colecistectomía laparoscópica: hallazgos histológicos en controles y en pacientes con leve alteración en la pruebas hepáticas (AU) / Hepatic biopsy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: histologic findings in controls and in patients with low alterations in hepatic tests

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los hallazgos histológicos en un grupo control (pruebas hepáticas normales) (n=11) y en pacientes con alteración pruebas hepáticas (n=11) en biopsias tomadas bajo visión laparoscópica mediante tijera y luego electrocoagulación del parénquima. Todos los pacientes tienen estudio histológico de la vesícula biliar. El trozo de hígado tomado varió entre 4 y 10 mm de diámetro y no hubo complicaciones derivadas de la toma de la muestra. En el grupo control se encontró alteración del parénquima en 6/11 casos: pericolangitis 3; esteatosis hepática 2; perihepatitis fibrosa 1. En pacientes con alteración del parénquima en 7/11 pacientes: esteatosis hepática 4; colangitis aguda leve 1; colestasis 1; perihepatitis 1. El diagnóstico histológico de la vesícula biliar fue: colecistitis aguda 5; colecistitis crónica 6

Alteraciones hepáticas en enfermos con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal en hemodiálisis, transplante o dialisis peritoneal / Hepatic changes in patients with terminal chronic failure in hemodialysis, transplantation or pentoneal dialisys

Este estudio se realzó para investigar la incidencia y el tipo de alteraciones hepatocelulares que ocurren en enfermos con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal en programa de diálisis y transplante renal. Se estudiaron 36 enfermos, 30 de ellos recibieron hemodiálisis y a 16 se les hizo trasplante renal. Seis estuvieron en el programa de diálisis peritoneal crónica. Además se estudiaron 16 donadores que ingresaron al programa de diálisis y tranplante renal. La frecuencia de hepatitis viral aguda en los enfermos trasplantados fue de 25 por ciento y en los que recibieron solamente hemodiálisis, la frecuencia aumentó a 35.7 por ciento. La hepatitis, en enfermos trasplantados se comportó en forma aguda y todos ellos curaron aprosimadamente en 2 meses; el tipo de hepatitis fue probablemente no A no B. Por otra parte en los enfermos trasplantados en hemodiálisis, 3 de los 5 pacientes desarrollaron hepatitis crónica activa, 2 de ellos por virus B, y 1 probablemente por virus no A no B. En los enfermos con diálisis peritoneal no se observaron cuadros de hepatitis. En más del 80 por ciento de los enfermos con insufuciencia renal se halló anormalidades en alguna de las pruebas hepáticas durante el seguimiento, aunque estuvieron en el programa de diálisis peritoneal, hemodiálisis o trasplante. La mayoría reciben medicación que puede ser responsable en dichas alteraciones